DocumentCode :
111662
Title :
Polarization-Dependent Loss: New Definition and Measurement Techniques
Author :
Noe, Reinhold ; Koch, Benjamin ; Sandel, David ; Mirvoda, Vitali
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Inf. Technol., Univ. of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
Volume :
33
Issue :
10
fYear :
2015
fDate :
May15, 15 2015
Firstpage :
2127
Lastpage :
2138
Abstract :
We formulate the concatenation properties of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) based on extinction rather than linear units. The advantage of this is that corresponding PDL vectors, defined with length proportional to extinction, can be added with much better accuracy than the traditional linear ones, in particular when PDL is of nonnegligible quantity. We also describe either two concatenated PDL elements or a general constant optical element as a combined PDL element and a retarder, thereby obtaining not only input- but also output-referred PDL vectors. We then propose to model a general optical transmission medium by the concatenation of many differential group delay (DGD) and PDL sections and retarders. An inverse scattering algorithm is provided which allows this physical structure to be obtained from the Jones matrix impulse response. Experimentally, we obtain the latter from the Mueller matrices measured in the optical frequency domain. The finally resulting distributed device structure is displayed in DGD and PDL profiles. The covariance matrix of the normalized Stokes vectors of scrambled polarizations equals 1/3 times the identity matrix. Based on this, we present yet another PDL measurement technique, the sqrt(3) scrambling method. It needs no polarimeter and determines low PDL values with better accuracy than the gradient search-based extinction method.
Keywords :
covariance matrices; gradient methods; inverse problems; light scattering; light transmission; optical communication equipment; optical fibre communication; optical fibre losses; optical fibre polarisation; optical retarders; DGD profiles; Jones matrix impulse response; Mueller matrices; PDL measurement technique; PDL profiles; combined PDL element; concatenated PDL elements; concatenation properties; covariance matrix; differential group delay; distributed device structure; general constant optical element; general optical transmission medium; gradient search-based extinction method; identity matrix; input-referred PDL vector; inverse scattering algorithm; linear units; normalized Stokes vectors; optical frequency domain; output-referred PDL vector; physical structure; polarization-dependent loss; retarder; scrambled polarizations; sqrt(3) scrambling method; Matrix decomposition; Optical fibers; Optical polarization; Optical retarders; Optical scattering; Symmetric matrices; Vectors; Optical fiber communication; optical fiber polarization; polarization mode dispersion; polarization-dependent loss;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0733-8724
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/JLT.2014.2386651
Filename :
6999936
Link To Document :
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