Using utility demand-side management programs to spur the development of more efficient appliances

Traditionally electric and gas utilities have promoted the development of more efficient appliances through research institute R&D programs and through utility incentive programs which provide incentives for efficient commercialized products. A third mechanism has evolved: multiutility incentive programs which target higher levels of efficiency than the best products on the market. One program of this type is now underway for refrigerator/freezers. A second program has just begun for residential clothes washers. Further efforts are likely as evidenced by a research project which identified major opportunities for more efficient appliances and by the formation of a new organization to develop and promote programs of this type. This paper summarizes each of these efforts