Title :
The flipped voltage follower: a useful cell for low-voltage low-power circuit design
Author :
Carvajal, Ramón González ; Ramírez-Angulo, Jaime ; López-Martín, Antonio J. ; Torralba, Antonio ; Galán, Juan Antonio Gómez ; Carlosena, Alfonso ; Chavero, Fernando Munoz
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electron. Eng., Univ. of Sevilla, Spain
fDate :
7/1/2005 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
In this paper, a basic cell for low-power and/or low-voltage operation is identified. It is evidenced how different versions of this cell, coined as "flipped voltage follower (FVF)" have been used in the past for many applications. A detailed classification of basic topologies derived from the FVF is given. In addition, a comprehensive list of recently proposed low-voltage/low-power CMOS circuits based on the FVF is given. Although the paper has a tutorial taste, some new applications of the FVF are also presented and supported by a set of simulated and experimental results. Finally, a design example showing the application of the FVF to build systems based on translinear loops is described which shows the potential of this cell for the design of high-performance low-power/low-voltage analog and mixed-signal circuits.
Keywords :
CMOS integrated circuits; integrated circuit design; low-power electronics; mixed analogue-digital integrated circuits; CMOS circuits; analog integrated circuits; continuous time filters; differential amplifiers; flipped voltage follower; low-power circuit design; low-voltage operation; mixed-signal circuit; translinear loops; Analog integrated circuits; Circuit simulation; Circuit synthesis; Circuit topology; Consumer electronics; Energy consumption; Filters; Operational amplifiers; Transconductance; Voltage; Analog circuits; analog integrated circuits; continuous time filters; differential amplifiers; low-power design; low-voltage design;
Journal_Title :
Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TCSI.2005.851387
