Title :
Charge convected in highly turbulent flows. Experiments on tanker unloading
Author :
Touchard, G. ; Watanabe, S. ; Marcano, L.
Author_Institution :
Lab. de Phys. et Mecanique des Fluides, Poitiers, France
fDate :
2/1/1994 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
It is a known fact that very high potentials can be generated during the flow of dielectric liquids, especially for hydrocarbons and liquefied gas. For such liquids the flow is highly turbulent. In the first part of this study, the mechanism of charge formation is analysed by taking the effect of the eddy diffusivity into account. These are two-phase flows and the influence of the ratio liquid/gas on the charge generated is explored. The second part of the study is experimental. The electrical potentials generated during the various phases of the unloading of a tanker are measured. A potential of ~3 kV is observed inside the pipe at the beginning of the unloading process
Keywords :
pipe flow; static electrification; turbulent diffusion; two-phase flow; 3 kV; charge formation; dielectric liquids; eddy diffusivity; electrical potentials; hydrocarbons; liquefied gas; pipe flow; tanker unloading; turbulent flows; two-phase flows; Boats; Dielectric liquids; Electric variables measurement; Equations; Fluid flow; Hydrocarbons; Impurities; Liquefied natural gas; Phase measurement; Space charge;
Journal_Title :
Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on
