Combined Linear and $\Delta$ -Modulated Switch-Mode PA Supply Modulator for Polar Transmitters

A combined linear and delta-modulated (DeltaM) switch-mode PA supply modulator for polar transmitters in wireless handsets is designed in a 0.25 mum CMOS process. The modulator employs a DeltaM switch-mode DC-DC buck converter to enhance the efficiency of a linear regulator at backed-off supply voltages and powers. The delta-modulator´s noise-shaping characteristic, linear regulator´s power supply rejection, digital pre-emphasis of the input envelope, and a closed-loop amplitude path from the PA output are simultaneously used to achieve state-of-the-art modulator performance. The presented supply modulator follows the input signal´s envelope with 20 dB output dynamic range, maximum efficiency of 75.5% at an output power of 30.8 dBm, and 75 dB SFDR for envelope signals up to 4 MHz occupied RF bandwidth. For a 1625 kb/s 8 PSK RF input signal at 900 MHz, polar modulation of a commercial low-power GSM-900 PA provides 10 dB ACPR improvement.