Man-machine interface problems in designing air traffic control systems

The author notes that workspace design requirements for air traffic control man-machine interfaces (MMIs) are generally orthodox, although the MMI must remain efficient throughout gross changes in staffing levels. Decisions during the MMI design largely determine how it can be used and what the controller must know about it. It is emphasized that human factor consequences should be considered when traffic-handling capacity is increased by cutting the time spent by the controller on each aircraft. It is concluded that MMI designs must be flexible enough to benefit from technological advances, yet continue to satisfy human needs