A Boundary-Element Analysis of TEM Cells in Three Dimensions

Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission-line cells are modeled and analyzed in three dimensions based on a mixed discretization using both constant and linear boundary elements. In particular, the distributed characteristic impedance along the line is evaluated for symmetrical square TEM cells of the type built at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in order to confirm the validity of the present numerical technique. Comparison with experimental results is shown. This paper shows that our numerical approach should contribute to TEM cell design.