Title :
Dynamic behavior of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Hong Kong Univ., Hong Kong
fDate :
7/1/1996 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
A quasi-three-dimensional dynamic model of index-guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is developed. Detailed structure of Bragg reflectors and lateral optical confinement are considered into the model. A three-dimensional waveguide problem is reduced to one dimension by using the effective-index method. The dynamic response of optical field is solved by the time-domain algorithm. In addition, the lateral variation of carrier concentration, refractive index, and spontaneous-emission profile are also determined in a self consistent manner. Using this model, the influence of carrier transport and hot carriers on the dynamic behavior of vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers is studied. It is found that these nonlinearities have significant influence on the relaxation-oscillation frequency and modulation bandwidth of the devices
Keywords :
carrier density; distributed Bragg reflector lasers; dynamic response; dynamics; hot carriers; laser cavity resonators; laser theory; nonlinear optics; refractive index; semiconductor device models; semiconductor lasers; surface emitting lasers; Bragg reflectors; carrier concentration; carrier transport; dynamic behavior; dynamic response; effective-index method; hot carriers; index-guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers; lateral optical confinement; lateral variation; modulation bandwidth; nonlinearities; optical field; quasi-three-dimensional dynamic model; refractive index; relaxation-oscillation frequency; self consistent manner; spontaneous-emission profile; three-dimensional waveguide problem; time-domain algorithm; vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers; Carrier confinement; Laser modes; Optical refraction; Optical surface waves; Optical variables control; Optical waveguides; Stimulated emission; Surface emitting lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; Waveguide lasers;
Journal_Title :
Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
