Title :
The first stimulators-reviewing the history of electrical stimulation and the devices crucial to its development
Author_Institution :
Potter Eng. Center, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA
Abstract :
The following topics are discussed: the capacitor-discharge stimulator; empirical strength-duration curve; theoretical strength-duration curve; basis for stimulation; galvanic (direct-current) stimulation; Daniell cell; Grove (Bunsen) cell; Leclanche cell; interrupted direct-current stimulators; the inductorium; Galvanic-Faradic stimuli to diagnose nerve injury; modern stimulators.<>
Keywords :
bioelectric phenomena; biomedical equipment; history; muscle; neurophysiology; reviews; Bunsen cell; Daniell cell; Galvanic-Faradic stimuli; Grove cell; Leclanche cell; capacitor-discharge stimulator; direct-current stimulation; empirical strength-duration curve; galvanic stimulation; inductorium; interrupted direct-current stimulators; medical electrical stimulation history; modern stimulators; nerve injury diagnosis; stimulation basis; theoretical strength-duration curve; Bioelectric phenomena; Capacitors; Coils; Electrical stimulation; Galvanizing; Heart; History; Modems; Muscles; Switches;
Journal_Title :
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE
