Theoretical analysis of bus-invert coding

The closed-form formulas derived from the Markov chains depicting the bus-invert coding processes for even and odd bus widths are employed to compute switching activity and weight per bus transfer, to explain the diminishing returns with increasing bus width and to show the nonviability of partitioning a bus into smaller buses of odd number bits, etc. Probing into the codewords generated by the coding process, we obtain the same closed-form formulas as that obtained by the Markov-based approach. Our contributions form a superset over the previously published theoretical results and provide comprehensive background information for exploiting the bus-invert method for low-power applications.