Title :
Nonparametric Model Comparison and Uncertainty Evaluation for Signal Strength Indoor Location
Author :
Figuera, Carlos ; Mora-Jiménez, Inmaculada ; Guerrero-Curieses, Alicia ; Rojo-Álvarez, José Luis ; Everss, Estrella ; Wilby, Mark ; Ramos-López, Javier
Author_Institution :
Dpcho B102, Univ. Rey Juan Carlos, Fuenlabrada, Spain
Abstract :
Indoor location (IL) using received signal strength (RSS) is receiving much attention, mainly due to its ease of use in deployed IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi) wireless networks. Fingerprinting is the most widely used technique. It consists of estimating position by comparison of a set of RSS measurements, made by the mobile device, with a database of RSS measurements whose locations are known. However, the most convenient data structure to be used and the actual performance of the proposed fingerprinting algorithms are still controversial. In addition, the statistical distribution of indoor RSS is not easy to characterize. Therefore, we propose here the use of nonparametric statistical procedures for diagnosis of the fingerprinting model, specifically: 1) A nonparametric statistical test, based on paired bootstrap resampling, for comparison of different fingerprinting models and 2) new accuracy measurements (the uncertainty area and its bias) which take into account the complex nature of the fingerprinting output. The bootstrap comparison test and the accuracy measurements are used for RSS-IL in our Wi-Fi network, showing relevant information relating to the different fingerprinting schemes that can be used.
Keywords :
fingerprint identification; indoor radio; mobile handsets; nonparametric statistics; wireless LAN; IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless networks; accuracy measurements; fingerprinting model; mobile device; nonparametric model comparison; nonparametric statistical test; paired bootstrap resampling; received signal strength; signal strength indoor location; statistical distribution; IEEE 802.11b; Received signal strength; WiFi.; bootstrap resampling; fingerprinting; indoor location; leave one out; uncertainty;
Journal_Title :
Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TMC.2009.37