DocumentCode :
1164140
Title :
A feature-based robust digital image watermarking scheme
Author :
Tang, Chih-Wei ; Hang, Hsueh-Ming
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electron. Eng., Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan
Volume :
51
Issue :
4
fYear :
2003
fDate :
4/1/2003 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage :
950
Lastpage :
959
Abstract :
A robust digital image watermarking scheme that combines image feature extraction and image normalization is proposed. The goal is to resist both geometric distortion and signal processing attacks. We adopt a feature extraction method called Mexican hat wavelet scale interaction. The extracted feature points can survive a variety of attacks and be used as reference points for both watermark embedding and detection. The normalized image of an image (object) is nearly invariant with respect to rotations. As a result, the watermark detection task can be much simplified when it is applied to the normalized image. However, because image normalization is sensitive to image local variation, we apply image normalization to nonoverlapped image disks separately. The disks are centered at the extracted feature points. Several copies of a 16-bit watermark sequence are embedded in the original image to improve the robustness of watermarks. Simulation results show that our scheme can survive low-quality JPEG compression, color reduction, sharpening, Gaussian filtering, median filtering, row or column removal, shearing, rotation, local warping, cropping, and linear geometric transformations.
Keywords :
data encapsulation; feature extraction; image coding; image recognition; watermarking; wavelet transforms; 16 bit; 16-bit watermark sequence; Gaussian filtering; Mexican hat wavelet scale interaction; color reduction; column removal; cropping; feature-based robust digital image watermarking scheme; geometric distortion; image feature extraction; image local variation; image normalization; linear geometric transformations; local warping; low-quality JPEG compression; median filtering; nonoverlapped image disks; normalized image; robustness; rotation; row removal; sharpening; shearing; signal processing attacks; watermark detection; watermark embedding; Digital images; Distortion; Feature extraction; Filtering; Nonlinear filters; Resists; Robustness; Signal processing; Solid modeling; Watermarking;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
1053-587X
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TSP.2003.809367
Filename :
1188741
Link To Document :
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