Normalization of CALL and TPACK: Teachers´ opportunities and challenges

The present study aims at investigating the effect of technology integration in general and normalization of CALL in particular on Iranian teachers´ technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK). It also examines teachers´ main opportunities and challenges with normalization of CALL. In this regard, 16 teachers taught a course with the goal to integrate computer technology fully. The researcher implemented a TPACK questionnaire before and after the course and a semistructured interview after the course. Observations also helped the researcher to gain a complementary understanding of the process of CALL normalization and how teachers deal with their new roles. The results revealed that technology-related knowledge domains developed significantly. The results also showed that Iranian educational society is highly sensitive to instructional technology and its use in education.