Active Network Synthesis Using Amplifiers Having Any Finite Nonzero Gain

A synthesis method is presented that uses currentcontrolled current sources and capacitors to form integrators. These integrators are used in conjunction with voltage-controlled voltage sources and resistors to form current transfer networks closely resembling standard analog computer circuits. One feature of this approach is that the amplifier gain can have any finite nonzero value. The effects of nonideal amplifiers are considered and it is shown that input and output capacitances present no problem, first-order phase shift can be cancelled, and the sensitivity to output resistance can be minimized. The synthesis method realizes current transfer functions directly but voltage transfer networks and driving-point admittance networks can also be obtained. This method is extended to - terminal common-ground networks.