Nonideal performance of two-amplifier positive-impedance converters

Positive-impedance converting networks may be used to realize driving-point inductance and frequency-dependent negative resistance. The factors of these immittances are evaluated over a wide frequency range in terms of the relevant parameters. Three distinct types of factor behavior are derived and it is shown that extended wide-band operation may be achieved such that factor is virtually independent of amplifier phase shift. The use of design-value asymptotes is explained as a means of determining the behavior of practical circuits.