Computation of capacitor voltage and inductor current sensitivities with respect to initial conditions for the steady-state analysis of nonlinear periodic circuits

In previous work, it was shown that the sensitivity of the state variables of a circuit with respect to the initial-state conditions could be used advantageously to determine the steady-state periodic response of an oscillator or periodically forced system. In this paper, a computational technique for computing this sensitivity is presented which does not necessitate the formulation of the state equations so that the algorithm can be implemented into many current circuit transient analysis programs without major changes. The method yields valid results even when the capacitor voltages and inductor currents are not an independent set of state variables.