Direct SFG simulation of LC ladder networks with applications to active filter design

The "leap frog" active synthesis technique is generalized to include simulations of more general ladder networks such that a one-to-one correspondence\´ between reactive elements and active integrators is maintained. This is accomplished through the introduction of two special "port reciprocators" which together with a set of basic signal flow graph building blocks and a set of interconnection rules forms a complete active synthesis technique. A design example is presented and a method of reducing the number of amplifiers required is outlined.