Transfer function synthesis using generalized doubly terminated two-pair networks

In Part I of this paper, a procedure for the synthesis of doubly terminated two-pair networks is developed. This procedure, coupled with certain properties of mirror and anti-mirror image polynomials, permits the design of digital filters with extremely low sensitivity of the steady-state magnitude of the transfer function to multiplier coefficient errors. In Part II, the ladder structure is examined as one possible internal structure for the two-pair specified in Part I. The synthesis procedure of Part I, combined with a special case of the ladder decomposition of Part II, leads to a previously proposed structure, the lossless digital integrator ladder, for which no direct design method was formerly available.