Approximate equation of average bit-error rate in DS-CDMA systems over fading channels

The transmission quality in mobile wireless communications is affected not only by additive white Gaussian noise, but also by multipath fading, which drastically changes the amplitudes and phases of wireless signals. It is one of the key themes in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access systems to evaluate average bit error rate (BER) performances as parameters of the Doppler frequency, the delay profile, the number of simultaneous access users, and so on. This paper proposes the approximate equation for easily calculating the average BER over fading channels (multiray fading models). The performance evaluations are carried out in the two-ray model, the IMT2000 model, and the COST207 model. It is confirmed from the coincidence of approximate results with computer simulation results that the proposed approach is applicable to a variety of parameters.