Optimised design of multi-band cellular base station antenna array for GSM and UMTS deployment

A tri-band dual polarised printed patch array is designed for GSM and UMTS cellular deployment using an efficient moment method code driven by a marginal distribution optimisation algorithm. Novel techniques are introduced to expedite analysis while maintaining adequate accuracy, and two methods are used to aggregate elements into an array for pattern synthesis: unequal spacing and phasing. Optimisation criteria such as cross-polar isolation, return loss and radiation pattern characteristics are successfully achieved in simulation, and a measured prototype element supports the antenna concept.