The fundamentals of aging in HV polymer-film capacitors

This paper covers the basic phenomena involved in the aging of capacitors constructed using polymer films as the major dielectric material. A wide variety of aging phenomena can be identified, ranging from simple electrical, dielectric, thermal, radiation, chemical and physical aging, to aging originating from the specific construction of the capacitor. Some phenomena occur quickly, such as some morphological changes in the polymer, others occur progressively, and others occur later in the life of the capacitor. The polymers covered range from biaxially-oriented polypropylene, which is widely used in commercial utility and industrial capacitors, to polymers like polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyimide, and polyvinylidene fluoride, which are used in high-energy density, outer-space, high-temperature, or other special applications. The paper addresses two constructions of polymer film capacitor where the aging phenomena are significantly different due to the differences in construction: polymer/foil capacitors and metalized film capacitors. Metalized polymer film capacitors have the quality of clearing or self healing that is not present in film/foil capacitors. The discussion of aging in this paper is given from the perspective of these two designs