A New Protection Scheme for Fault Detection, Direction Discrimination, Classifi´cation, and Location in Transmission Lines

This paper presents a new adaptive fault protection scheme for transmission lines using synchronized phasor measurements. The work includes fault detection, direction discrimination, classification and location. Both fault detection and fault location indices are derived by using two-terminal synchronized measurements incorporated with distributed line model and modal transformation theory. The fault detection index is composed of two complex phasors and the angle difference between the two phasors determines whether the fault is intemal or external to the protected zone. The fault types can be classified by the modal fault detection index. The proposed scheme also combines on-line parameter estimation to assure protection scheme performance and to achieve adaptive protection. Extensive simulation studies show that the proposed scheme provides a fast relay response and high accuracy in fault location under various system and fault conditions. The proposed method responds very well with regard to dependability, security and sensitivity (high-resistance fault coverage).