Estimating Overpressures in Pole-Type Distribution Transformers, Part I: Tank Withstand Evaluation

When an electric arc is generated in transformer oil, a strong overpressure may rapidly develop in the tank, especially for low-impedance faults. This paper presents the test method and results obtained in a project aimed at assessing the human and environmental risks associated with this type of fault. Limit energy and pressure values were defined in terms of different safety levels. The best means of limiting the energy and pressure at a safety level in the transformer tank during internal faults greater than 1.7 kA is to protect the transformer with a current-limiting fuse. Other means to increase the mechanical withstand of transformer tanks under such faults are also discussed.