Title :
Localization of virtual sources in multichannel audio reproduction
Author :
Pulkki, Ville ; Hirvonen, Toni
Author_Institution :
Lab. of Acoust. & Audio Signal Process., Helsinki Univ. of Technol., Finland
Abstract :
The localization of virtual sources generated with different two-dimensional (2-D) multichannel reproduction systems has been studied by means of auditory model simulations and listening tests. The reproduction was implemented with typical five- and eight-channel loudspeaker setups. The microphone systems used were first- and second-order Ambisonics as well as a spaced microphone technique. Pair-wise panning was also studied. The results show that the auditory model can be used in the prediction of perceived direction in multichannel sound reproduction near the median plane. Some systematic deviations between the model predictions and the listening test results were found farther from the median plane. The frequency-dependent capability to produce narrow-band virtual sources to targeted directions is reported for the studied systems.
Keywords :
audio acoustics; audio signal processing; hearing; loudspeakers; microphone arrays; sound reproduction; 2D multichannel reproduction system; auditory model simulation; eight-channel loudspeaker; first-order ambisonics; five-channel loudspeaker; listening test; median plane; microphone system; multichannel audio reproduction; multichannel sound reproduction; narrow-band virtual source; pair-wise spanning; second-order ambisonics; spaced microphone technique; virtual source localization; Acoustics; Auditory system; Frequency; Helium; Loudspeakers; Microphones; Narrowband; Predictive models; System testing; Two dimensional displays;
Journal_Title :
Speech and Audio Processing, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TSA.2004.838533
