Detecting a Weak Sine Wave and Measuring Its Parameters

This paper is concerned with the problem of detecting a weak sine wave and measuring its parameters in the presence of arbitrary gain fluctuations and additive Gaussian noise. The parameters considered are frequency, phase, and signal-to-noise power ratio. Some practical methods are presented for detecting the weak sine wave and measuring its parameters. The methods are simple to implement, insensitive to gain fluctuations, and relatively accurate. The implementations have, inherently, a wide dynamic range.