HF and VHF Source Stabilization Technique Incorporating Q-Multiplied Quartz Crystal Resonator

A new approach is described for the desiga of HF/VHF crystal-controlled frequency sources exhibiting theoretical short-term stability unattainable through the use of conventional quartz oscillator design. The signal generator design uses the concept of AFC stabilization of a conventional quartz oscillator (VCXO) by means of a crystal-controlled highly selective active frequency reference. The AFC reference is a phase-shift type frequency discriminator that employs a product detector and an active Q-multiplied quartz crystal resonator. The extremely selective transmission response, large group delay, and power gain exhibited by the resonator, together with resonator phase noise levels comparable to that exhibited by the oscillator-maintaining circuit, provide the principal means for prediction of superior output signal spectral purity. Models of the resonators have been designed and constructed at 30 and 80 MHz, exhibiting 3-dB bandwidths of 30 and 160 Hz, respectively. Based on actual measurement of VHF Q-multiplied crystal resonator performance characteristics, approximately 16 dB improvement in VHF crystal-controlled frequency source spectral purity at low and moderate modulation rates is possible, compared to that attainable using the best available VHF quartz oscillator circuit designs.