Networks composed of switches

and linear RLC elements are formulated by state-space equations in which the switches

are dealt with as the voltage sources

for closed switches and current sources

for open switches. The equation associated with the change of switching combinations (mode change) is modified. The solution of the jump of the state vector which occurs at mode change is made clear in the distribution sense. The invariance of state space under mode change is discussed, and the concept of switch controllability and observability is introduced to solve this problem.