Train Voltage Analysis for AC Railroad Electrification

A procedure is presented for analyzing train voltages for new railroad electrification systems which utilize single-phase current at 60 Hz and at higher voltages of 25 and 50 kV with and without auxiHary transformers. Modern catenary configurations are presented. A computer program is described which calculates the impedances of multiple track configurations and includes the effects of magnetic conductors (rails), of auxiliary transformers and of earth return. References to test results on rail impedances are also presented. A method is described to calculate train voltages for radial feed, centerfeed, and double-end feed systems and for multiple catenaries. Equivalent circuits are derived and specific examples of modern catenary systems are given.