Title :
Impact of double Rayleigh scattering noise in distributed higher order Raman pumping schemes
Author :
Faralli, S. ; Pasquale, F. Di
Author_Institution :
Scuola Superiore Sant´´Anna, Studi Universitari e Perfezionamento, Pisa, Italy
fDate :
6/1/2003 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
We analyze the equivalent optical noise figure (NF) performances and double Rayleigh-scattering-induced noise characteristics of distributed Raman amplifiers based on higher order pumping schemes. We confirm that higher order counterpumping configurations improve the amplifier equivalent NF but also increase multipath interference noise, inducing system penalties at high ON-OFF Raman gain. A Q-factor analysis allows a quantitative evaluation of the real benefits provided by higher order pumping schemes.
Keywords :
Q-factor; Raman lasers; Rayleigh scattering; laser noise; light interference; optical fibre amplifiers; optical pumping; ON-OFF Raman gain; Q-factor analysis; WDM optical communication systems; amplifier equivalent NF; distributed Raman amplifiers; distributed higher order Raman pumping schemes; double Rayleigh scattering noise; double Rayleigh-scattering-induced noise characteristics; equivalent optical noise figure; higher order counterpumping configurations; higher order pumping schemes; multipath interference noise; system penalties; Distributed amplifiers; Noise figure; Noise measurement; Optical amplifiers; Optical noise; Performance analysis; Raman scattering; Rayleigh scattering; Semiconductor optical amplifiers; Stimulated emission;
Journal_Title :
Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/LPT.2003.811345
