Precision 4-Port Junction for the Connection of Coaxial Immittance Standards in Parallel

Previously published work on the application of the 3-port junction to immittance standardization is extended to the 4-port junction which enables either three or two immittance standards to be connected in parallel to provide calculable 1-or 2-port S-parameters, respectively, having moduli > 0 and < 1. Calibration equations are given for precise junction characterization.