Study on Kerr electro-optic field measurement method for nonuniform three-dimensional electric field

The Kerr electro-optic method is a non-intrusive electric field measurement method. It can be widely applied to gas, liquid and solid materials, which are transparent to light and are electrically birefringent. But this method is not adequately developed for practical measurements because, so far, it can only measure up to two-dimensional electric fields. The measurement techniques using the Kerr effect for a nonuniform three-dimensional electric field are described by considering the effect of the electric field at each point along the laser beam and the effect of the observing (laser beam) direction on the apparent electric field