Title :
Microwave emission and scattering of foam based on Monte Carlo simulations of dense media
Author :
Chen, Dong ; Tsang, Leung ; Zhou, Lin ; Reising, Steven C. ; Asher, William E. ; Rose, Louis Allen ; Ding, Kung-Hau ; Chen, Chi-Te
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ. of Hong Kong, China
fDate :
4/1/2003 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
The foam-covered ocean surface is treated as densely packed air bubbles coated with thin layers of seawater. We apply Monte Carlo simulations of solutions of Maxwell´s equations to calculate the absorption, scattering, and extinction coefficients at 10.8 and 36.5 GHz. These quantities are then used in dense-media radiative transfer theory to calculate the microwave emissivity. Numerical results of the model are illustrated as a function of foam parameters. Results of emissivities for both horizontal polarization and vertical polarizations at 10.8 and 36.5 GHz are compared with experimental measurements.
Keywords :
Monte Carlo methods; electromagnetic wave scattering; emissivity; foams; microwave measurement; oceanographic techniques; remote sensing; 10.8 GHz; 36.5 GHz; Chesapeake Bay; Maxwell equations; Monte Carlo simulations; absorption; dense media; densely packed air bubbles; experimental measurements; extinction coefficients; foam parameters; foam-covered ocean surface; horizontal polarization; microwave emission; microwave emissivity; microwave scattering; radiative transfer theory; thin seawater layers; vertical polarization; Electromagnetic wave absorption; Extinction coefficients; Maxwell equations; Microwave theory and techniques; Oceans; Polarization; Scattering; Sea measurements; Sea surface; Surface treatment;
Journal_Title :
Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TGRS.2003.810711
