Title :
Fiber-compatible K+-Na+ ion-exchanged channel waveguides: fabrication and characterization
Author :
Miliou, A. ; Zhenguang, H. ; Cheng, H.C. ; Srivastava, Ramakant ; Ramaswamy, Ramu V.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL, USA
fDate :
8/1/1989 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
A systematic study of waveguides fabricated by K+-Na + exchange in soda-lime silicate and BK7 glasses is presented. The measured K+ concentration profile, the refractive index profile, and the diffusion profile obtained by solving the one-dimensional diffusion equation are correlated to explain the differences in the index profiles in the two glasses. The mobility of the potassium ions was measured by fabricating waveguides using electromigration. Surface waveguides formed by diffusion from a molten KNO3 salt bath were buried by applying an electric field. Single-mode channel waveguides for operation at a wavelength of 1.3 μm that exhibit excellent mode matching with conventional optical fibers, achieving a fiber-waveguide insertion loss of less than 1 dB for a 20-mm-long waveguide, have been obtained
Keywords :
optical glass; optical losses; optical waveguides; optical workshop techniques; 1 dB; 1.3 micron; 20 mm; K+ concentration profile; Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glasses; characterization; diffusion profile; electric field; electromigration; fabrication; fiber compatible K+-Na+ ion exchanged channel waveguides; fiber-waveguide insertion loss; mobility; mode matching; molten KNO3 salt bath; one-dimensional diffusion equation; refractive index profile; single mode channel waveguides; surface waveguides; wavelength; Difference equations; Electromigration; Glass; Optical fiber losses; Optical fibers; Optical surface waves; Optical waveguides; Refractive index; Surface waves; Wavelength measurement;
Journal_Title :
Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
