Hybrid Circuits for Microwaves

The fundamental behavior of hybrid circuits is reviewed and discussed, largely in terms of reciprocity relationships. The phase properties of simple wave-guide tee junctions are briefly considered. Two linds of hybrid circuits are then described, the one involving a ring or loop of transmission line, the other relying upon the symmetry properties of certain four-arm junctions. The description is centered about wave-guide structures for microwaves, but the principles may also be applied to other kinds of transmission line for other frequency ranges. Experimental verification is provided, and some of the important applications are outlined.