Closed-Loop Regulation of a Physiological Parmeter by an IPFM/SDC (Integral Pulse Frequency Modulated/Smith Delay Compensator) Controller

This theoretical paper discusses the realization of a discrete, closed-loop control system which uses an integral pulse frequency modulated/Smith delay compensator (IPFM/SDC) controller to regulate an in vivo physiological parameter to the prescribed quantity in real time. The pharmacokinetic (PK) plant considered is the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) blood-pressure plant. The simulated plant is appropriately time-and amplitude-scaled using op-amps and RC active filter elements.