• DocumentCode
    1222161
  • Title

    Distribution Equipment Modernization to Reduce Arc Flash Hazards

  • Author

    Hopper, Warren S. ; Etzel, Brenda L.

  • Author_Institution
    Weyerhaeuser Co., Springfield, OR
  • Volume
    44
  • Issue
    3
  • fYear
    2008
  • Firstpage
    940
  • Lastpage
    948
  • Abstract
    This paper discusses a practical approach to allow personnel safe access to switchgear while maintaining pulp and paper mill processes, specifically in existing electrical distribution system unit substation installations where a main breaker was not incorporated into the original design. Various component configurations were evaluated prior to a final solution being implemented. Modernization of existing equipment was determined to be the most efficient and cost-effective solution, allowing mill personnel to work safely on switchgear during periods of mill production.
  • Keywords
    current transformers; paper mills; switchgear; current transformers; distribution equipment modernization; electrical distribution system; incident energy; infrared scanning; motor control center; paper mill processes; personal protective equipment; personnel safe access; pulp; reduce arc flash hazards; switchgear; time-current curve; Circuit breakers; Costs; Hazards; Milling machines; Motor drives; Personnel; Substations; Switches; Switchgear; Transformers; Arc flash hazard; current transformers (CTs); incident energy; infrared scanning; mini-vacuum circuit breaker; motor control center (MCC); personal protective equipment (PPE); primary switch; secondary main breaker; sightglasses; time–current curve (TCC); unit substation;
  • fLanguage
    English
  • Journal_Title
    Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on
  • Publisher
    ieee
  • ISSN
    0093-9994
  • Type

    jour

  • DOI
    10.1109/TIA.2008.921410
  • Filename
    4523995