Long Loop Ringing

Both Bell System and also independent telephone operating companies seem to be well aware of the large potential savings in outside plant costs offered by fine gauge cable. The problem, of courses is how to realize these potential savings and still be able to dial, ring, supervise, and talk over the higher resistances and greater facility attenuations that normally result when fine instead of coarse gauge cable is used. Only the ringing problems associated with long subscriber loops are covered here. Long loops are defined here as those ranging from 2000- to 4300ohm resistance of buried exchange cable having a mutual capacitance of 0.083 mF per mile. Somewhat lower limits apply to aerial plants.