Steady-State Line-Line Loading of the Synchronous Machine: Exact Solution

The mathematically exact solution for the steady-state line-line short circuit of the basic synchronous generator is developed from first principles and extended to include the effects of saliency and dampers. The analysis is applicable to steady-state line-line loading and also to the performance of the single-phase machine. The solution is checked by comparison with the numerical step-by-step solution and supported by a series of test results. It enables the effects of the damper windings to be investigated in what is probably their simplest form. Although the full solution is necessary for line-line loading, it is found that in the particular case of steady short circuit the effects of resistance are negligible even for a small machine; simple formulas are deveoped for the armature and field currents and the line voltage.