Title :
Reversible Watermarking Algorithm Using Sorting and Prediction
Author :
Sachnev, Vasiliy ; Kim, Hyoung Joong ; Nam, JeHo ; Suresh, Sundaram ; Shi, Yun Qing
Author_Institution :
Center of Inf. Security & Technol., Korea Univ., Seoul, South Korea
fDate :
7/1/2009 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
This paper presents a reversible or lossless watermarking algorithm for images without using a location map in most cases. This algorithm employs prediction errors to embed data into an image. A sorting technique is used to record the prediction errors based on magnitude of its local variance. Using sorted prediction errors and, if needed, though rarely, a reduced size location map allows us to embed more data into the image with less distortion. The performance of the proposed reversible watermarking scheme is evaluated using different images and compared with four methods: those of Kamstra and Heijmans, Thodi and Rodriguez, and Lee et al. The results clearly indicate that the proposed scheme can embed more data with less distortion.
Keywords :
data encapsulation; data reduction; error statistics; image coding; sorting; watermarking; data reduction; lossless watermarking algorithm; prediction error; reversible watermarking algorithm; sorting technique; Lossless data hiding; prediction error expansion; reversible watermarking;
Journal_Title :
Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2020257