Graphical analysis of delay line wave forms: a tutorial

Analysis of delay line waveforms by graphical techniques based on Bergeron diagrams can be a useful tool, especially in the more complicated nonlinear circuits. The analysis described is limited to transient waveforms in lossless lines. The transients can be of any shape in linear circuits (although simple steps and ramps are best), but are limited to ideal steps in nonlinear circuits. This tutorial explains the basis of the graphical method and gives examples of analyses with practical results. There is also a comment on when a connection should be regarded as a transmission line rather than a lumped circuit