Title :
Analysis of second-order gratings
Author :
Hardy, A. ; Welch, David F. ; Streifer, William
Author_Institution :
Spectra Diode Lab., San Jose, CA, USA
fDate :
10/1/1989 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
The results of an analysis of second-order gratings used as distributed Bragg reflectors in surface-emitting lasers are presented. The gratings provide reflection, output coupling, and power transmission to other gain segments for purposes of injection locking. The analysis determines these quantities for arbitrary-shaped grating teeth and includes the presence of a substrate reflector to reduce the radiated power in that direction. The reflector is shown to be effective, but only if it can be precisely positioned. Examples illustrating variations in dimensions, tooth shapes and heights, waveguide loss, and detuning are included. Second-order, square gratings, whose conventional coupling coefficient is identically zero, exhibit substantial reflectivity which is primarily produced by the radiation reaction. The analysis also forms the basis for calculating the far-field grating coupled radiation patterns
Keywords :
diffraction gratings; distributed Bragg reflector lasers; laser mode locking; laser tuning; optical losses; optical waveguides; reflectivity; semiconductor junction lasers; arbitrary-shaped grating teeth; detuning; distributed Bragg reflector lasers; distributed Bragg reflectors; distributed feedback lasers; far-field grating coupled radiation patterns; gain segments; grating tooth height; injection locking; output coupling; power transmission; radiated power; radiation reaction; reflection; reflectivity; second-order gratings; square gratings; substrate reflector; surface-emitting lasers; tooth shapes; varying dimensions; waveguide loss; Bragg gratings; Couplings; Distributed Bragg reflectors; Injection-locked oscillators; Optical reflection; Power transmission; Reflectivity; Shape; Surface emitting lasers; Teeth;
Journal_Title :
Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
