Trials and experimental results of the ECHOS XD multibeam echo sounder

Results on the performance of the ECHOS XD multibeam echo sounder are presented. These tests were made during the sea trials of R/V Akademik Vavilov and R/V Akademik Ioffe in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Baltic Sea. Since these ships are new, the author also gives a short description of them and their scientific equipment. The history which led to the development of the ECHOS XD system is reviewed. Finally, the author presents the recent research and development on multibeam echo sounders being done a Hollming Ltd. Electronics (Rauma, Finland)