Title :
The Electronic Countermeasures Problem for Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications
Author :
Mullen, James A.
Author_Institution :
Raytheon Company, Waltham
fDate :
4/1/1974 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
An extremely low frequency (ELF) communication system for military purposes needs specialized engineering techniques, in particular signal bandwidth spreading in order to protect against enemy electronic countermeasures (ECM). Qualitative discussion is presented of the processing which the system must have to make jamming difficult, with qualitative discussion of predictive jamming, repeat-back jamming, and high power brute force jamming by adapting electric power systems.
Keywords :
ECM (electronic countermeasures); ELF communications; Electronic countermeasures; Military communications; Underwater communications; Electromagnetic interference; Electronic countermeasures; Frequency; Geophysical measurement techniques; Ground penetrating radar; Jamming; Military communication; Power engineering and energy; Power system protection; Underwater vehicles;
Journal_Title :
Communications, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092216
