• DocumentCode
    1239521
  • Title

    The Electronic Countermeasures Problem for Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications

  • Author

    Mullen, James A.

  • Author_Institution
    Raytheon Company, Waltham
  • Volume
    22
  • Issue
    4
  • fYear
    1974
  • fDate
    4/1/1974 12:00:00 AM
  • Firstpage
    496
  • Lastpage
    503
  • Abstract
    An extremely low frequency (ELF) communication system for military purposes needs specialized engineering techniques, in particular signal bandwidth spreading in order to protect against enemy electronic countermeasures (ECM). Qualitative discussion is presented of the processing which the system must have to make jamming difficult, with qualitative discussion of predictive jamming, repeat-back jamming, and high power brute force jamming by adapting electric power systems.
  • Keywords
    ECM (electronic countermeasures); ELF communications; Electronic countermeasures; Military communications; Underwater communications; Electromagnetic interference; Electronic countermeasures; Frequency; Geophysical measurement techniques; Ground penetrating radar; Jamming; Military communication; Power engineering and energy; Power system protection; Underwater vehicles;
  • fLanguage
    English
  • Journal_Title
    Communications, IEEE Transactions on
  • Publisher
    ieee
  • ISSN
    0090-6778
  • Type

    jour

  • DOI
    10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092216
  • Filename
    1092216