The Effects of Equalization, Timing, and Carrier Phase on the Eye Patterns of Class-4 Partial-Response Data Signals

A general expression is derived for the eye pattern boundaries of a multilevel class-4 partial-response (PR) signal after single-sideband amplitude-modulation (SSBAM) transmission with a carrier phase error. From the expression particular results are obtained for the horizontal and vertical eye openings of the signal. Expressions are derived for the tap settings of a linear transversal equalizer using the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion when the class-4 PR signal is distorted by a carrier phase error and sampled with timing error. The values of the tap settings can be used to reduce the carrier and timing phase errors. Finally, an expression for the vertical eye opening of the equalized signal is derived as a function of the carrier phase and the number of stages in the equalizer.