PLC signal attenuation in branched networks

It is shown that power line carrier (PLC) signal attenuation can be calculated for simple or complex branched networks using a system impedance matrix. Single- and multiple-phase line sections are represented by long line equivalent pi-sections determined at the PLC frequency. The impedance matrix approach can properly represent any complexity of transmission systems including radial lines, tapped lines, and loop circuits. All reflections, refractions, and quarter wavelength effects are taken into account. The results of the calculations are useful to PLC system designers who must select frequency, power level, and coupling method to ensure proper PLC system operation