Adaptive Scheduling with Explicit Congestion Notification in a Cyber-Physical Smart Grid System

A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is composed of distributed computational elements connected via a computer network that monitor and control switched physical systems interconnected by physical infrastructures. A fundamental challenge in the design and analysis of a CPS is the lack of common semantics across the components. This challenge is addressed by employing a novel approach that composes the correctness of the components instead of their functionality using a conjunction of noninterfering logical invariants. In recent work, we applied this technique to adaptively schedule power transfers between nodes in a smart power grid while maintaining the stability of the computer network and the physical system in the presence of uncertainties. In the current paper, we enhance the adaptive scheduling technique to exploit a mechanism called Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) that is available in modern routers. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of this approach in maintaining power transfer performance and system stability while proactively reducing network congestion.