Title :
High-speed optical modulator for application in instrumentation
Author :
Jungerman, Roger L. ; Johnsen, Catherine ; McQuate, David J. ; Salomaa, Kari ; Zurakowski, Mark P. ; Bray, Robert C. ; Conrad, Geraldine ; Cropper, Donald ; Hernday, Paul
Author_Institution :
Hewlett-Packard Co., Santa Rosa, CA, USA
fDate :
9/1/1990 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
The design and characterization of the first integrated optic modulator for a commercial instrument application are described. Alternative forms of modulation, including direct laser current modulation and optical heterodyne techniques, are reviewed for the application, which requires modulation to 20 GHz. The advantages of an integrated optic modulator fabricated using titanium in-diffused lithium niobate are discussed. Performance tradeoffs between x-cut and z-cut LiNbO3 including bandwidth, modulation efficiency, bias point stability, and acoustic resonances are detailed. The x-cut device is found to give the best overall performance for this instrument application. Device reliability and testing, including temperature cycling, humidity, electrostatic discharge, mechanical shock, and vibration are described for complete packaged and pigtailed devices
Keywords :
electro-optical devices; integrated optics; lithium compounds; optical modulation; titanium; 20 GHz; LiNbO3:Ti; acoustic resonances; bandwidth; bias point stability; characterization; commercial instrument application; design; direct laser current modulation; electrostatic discharge; humidity; integrated optic modulator; mechanical shock; modulation efficiency; optical heterodyne techniques; pigtailed devices; temperature cycling; vibration; x-cut device; z-cut device; Bandwidth; High speed optical techniques; Instruments; Integrated optics; Lithium niobate; Optical design; Optical mixing; Optical modulation; Stability; Titanium;
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
