Dynamical models of lead-acid batteries: implementation issues

This paper explains how the lead-acid models described in a previous paper (see M. Ceraolo, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.15, p.1184-90, 2000) can be utilized in practice. Two main issues are opened by that paper: (1) the paper does not supply detailed information on how to identify the several parameters of the proposed models, and (2) it defines a whole family of models, but does not discuss which model of the family is adequate for a given purpose. These two issues are tackled in this paper. For the first issue, the more complex one, two options are proposed and discussed: (1) a complete identification procedure involving extensive lab tests, and (2) a simplified one that combines information from lab tests and data, supplied by the manufacturer. In addition, further simplifications applicable in cases of batteries belonging to the same family are presented