Abstract :
Four devices are discussed. In each of these, electromagnetic waves of wavelength λ (which may be in the optical range) are to be used to modulate the energy of extreme relativistic charged particle beams on a scale of ≳λ/2. The devices are: (1) two-wave modulators; the well-known optical klystron is a special case and has been used in the past for energy modulation. The other three are proposed as appropriate alternatives, depending on the circumstances: (2) vacuum modulator; it is the simplest in construction, and its energy modulation amplitude is essentially the function of only the power carried by the wave (e.g., laser power) and not the geometry nor λ; (3) Cherenkov modulator; and (4) resonator energy modulator. Their capabilities, including the energy modulation amplitude, and efficiency, are compared
Keywords :
Cherenkov radiation; electromagnetic wave propagation; electron optics; free electron lasers; laser cavity resonators; laser theory; optical modulation; particle beams; Cherenkov modulator; electromagnetic waves; energy modulation; energy modulation amplitude; extreme relativistic charged particle beams; free electron laser modulation; geometry; laser power; optical beam-energy modulators; resonator energy modulator; two-wave modulators; vacuum modulator; well-known optical klystron; Amplitude modulation; Electromagnetic scattering; Klystrons; Optical beams; Optical devices; Optical modulation; Optical resonators; Particle beam optics; Particle beams; Ultraviolet sources;
