Nonplanar Dipole Antennas for Low-Profile Ultrawideband Applications: Design, Modeling, and Implementation

This letter presents a printed circuit board (PCB)-based nonplanar dipole antenna with a flat reflector for low-profile ultrawideband applications. Physical fundamentals of the proposed antennas are summarized and discussed. Design considerations, modeling, and implementation methods are introduced in detail. A prototype antenna was fabricated and tested to verify the presented results. The prototype antenna has a measured impedance bandwidth of 7.2 GHz from 2.8 to 10 GHz, and it also possesses stable unidirectional radiation patterns up to 6.0 GHz, which is suitable for many broadband applications.